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Bismarck,_Otto_Eduard_Leopold,
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1992-09-02
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Bismarck, Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince von
1815-1898. German politician, prime minister
of Prussia 1862-90 and chancellor of the
German Empire 1871-90. He pursued an
aggressively expansionist policy, waging wars
against Denmark 1863-64, Austria 1866, and
France 1870-71, which brought about the
unification of Germany. Bismarck was
ambitious to establish Prussia's leadership
within Germany and eliminate the influence of
Austria. He secured Austria's support for his
successful war against Denmark then, in 1866,
went to war against Austria and its allies
(the Seven Weeks' War), his victory forcing
Austria out of the German Bund and unifying
the N German states into the North German
Confederation under his own chancellorship
1867. He then defeated France, under Napoleon
III, in the Franco-Prussian War 1870-71,
proclaimed the German Empire 1871, and
annexed Alsace-Lorraine. He tried to secure
his work by the Triple Alliance 1881 with
Austria and Italy but ran into difficulties
at home with the Roman Catholic church and
the socialist movement and was forced to
resign by Wilhelm II 18 Mar 1890.